Metodologi (Bab 3)#JomTulisTesis (25:27)
Bab 3 ye. Bab 3 ini bab metodologi memang kalau salah huraian akan
salah semuanya. Jadi kalau kita lihat dalam bab 3 kita ada banyak subtopik
tujuannya supaya kita sendiri faham, pemeriksa pun faham, orang lain yang
berada di mana-mana pun di Malaysia, luar negara akan faham kerana kita
menghuraikan secara kita menjalankan kajian. Itu namanya metodologi. Jadi disini
kita lihat ada banyak subtopik iaitu pengenalan, reka bentuk kajian, kaedah
kajian. Kaedah kajian dibahagikan kepada sampel jika perlu kalau menggunakan
sampel dan juga terdapat lokasi kalau kita menggunakan responden contohnya di sekolah
atau dekat mana-mana kampung. Terdapat juga bahan instrumen kajian, prosedur,
analisis, kerangka teori, kerangka konseptual dan kesimpulan. biasa pengenalan
dalam satu perenggan iaitu 3.1 pengenalan kemudian 3.2 reka bentuk. Di dalam
huraian rekabentuk itu pendek dalam satu perenggan sahaja di dalam reka bentuk
ini hanya ingin menjelaskan adakah kita menggunakan kualitatif atau kuantitatif.
Kalau kita menggunakan kedua-duanya kita jelaskan nya. Tapi adalah tidak wajar
memberikan definasi. Tidak perlu memberikan definasi tersebut kerana bab 3
hanya membincangkan tentang kajian kita sahaja. Jadi dalam satu perenggan ceritakan
mengenai kualitatif atau kuantitatif atau kedua-duanya sekali. Kemudian 3.3
kaedah kajian. Menjelaskan mengenai apa kaedah yang kita gunakan. Kalau kita
menggunakan sampel kita letak sampel contohnya kajian saya mengambil 20 orang
pelajar. Jadi sekarang ini saya kena pastikan bahawa saya kena huraikan dengan
terperinci iaitu saya membuat kajian terhadap pelajar sekolah rendah lelaki
berapa perempuan berapa umur 9 tahun kena spesifik. Satu lagi subtopic iaitu
lokasi. Lokasi ini kita kena letak contohnya Sekolah Kebangsaan Serdang. Jadi
pemeriksaan negeri lain mungkin tidak tahu di mana sekolah ini. Jadi kita akan
letak koordinat. Okey dan lebih bagus letak peta lokasi sekolah tersebut
daripada Google map ke atau daripada mana-mana yang jelas bagi lokasi tersebut,
Sekolah ini daripada jalan besar supaya orang tahu, Oh sekolah ini kat
sini. dan juga kena tahu sekolah ini luar bandar ataupun bandar. Kena jelas dan
terperinci. seperti yang saya kata methodologi ini kena terperinci. Kemudian
bahan. Kita punya kajian itu tadi tentang wacana textual skrip animinasi. Jadi
sekarang ini saya ada sampel saya ada lokasi. Sebab kita ambil pelajar
sekolah untuk temubual mengenai skrip animasi. Saya juga ada bahan atau
instrumen yang saya gunakan. Jadi kajian saya mengenai animasi jadi saya
ceritakan tentang bahan, cerita tentang animasi cerita rakyat terbitan Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka yang ditulis oleh Normaliza Abdul Rahim pada tahun
2020. Jadi animasi cerita rakyat ini saya yang tulis dan lagu lirik lagu skrip
semua saya yang buat dah. Kalau nak tengok boleh tengok di Google Store memang
saya dah ada di Google Store ada 33 buah cerita dan 33 buah lagu. Ini promosi
tiba-tiba.
Sekarang ini bolehlah siapa siapa nak tunjuk kepada anak saudara
ataupun jiran punya anak saudara ataupun jiran punya jiran punya jiran anak
saudara ataupun cucu dia pun boleh. murah je sebenarnya kita jual buku animasi
itu saya yang buat dan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka yang terbitkan. Maknanya
memang bahasanya bagus dan cerita rakyat ialah cerita rakyat melayu kita
turun-temurun jadi tengok di Google Store dekat apple tak ada. Ya ampun.
Jadi sekarang di sini juga kita letak sinopsis cerita rakyat contohnya
tajuk cerita rakyat nombor 1 iaitu Cenderawasih ini hanya contoh ya. saya perlu
letak sinopsis kat sini. Jadi kita perlu tahu tentang cerita ini sedangkan
pemeriksa tak tahu, orang yang nak baca Tesis kita tak tahu. Jadi kita
letak lah sinopsis kalau misalnya ceritanya saya ambil 20 cerita rakyat
letak 20 sinopsis kat bawah ni ianya mesti letak. Jadi kita pergi ke bahagian
prosedur. Jadi prosedur kita ini kita kena letak. Terpulang kepada pelajar atau
penyelia. kadang-kadang ada pelajar yang letak dalam bentuk point. Letak
nombor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sampai 10. Ada yang letak dalam bentuk perenggan. Bermakna
Kalau ada lima prosedur dia letak 5 perenggan. Boleh. Tak ada masalah asalkan
kita tahu bahawa prosedur pertama ada kaitan dengan prosedur kedua ada
kaitan dengan prosedur ketiga keempat. Janganlah nombor 1 awak
kata awak ambil Pelajar dahulu. Padahal ikut objektif 1 dia kata kenal pasti
subjek wacana textual animasi, Awak ambil skrip animasi tersebut kemudian
awak analisis tiba-tiba prosedur kedua awak dah panggil pelajar untuk beri
pendapat bilanya awak panggil budak tu untuk membaca skrip tu, macam
seolah-olah langkah setiap prosedur itu telah melompat-lompat. Jadi salah.
Jadi pastikan ini terpulang buat dalam bentuk point atau perenggan tetapi
pastikan ia mengikut macam mana awak jalankan kajian. Itu penting. Langkah-langkah
macam mana jalankan kajian itu awak je yang tahu. Orang lain semua tak tahu.
jadi kena langkah satu-satu. Okey balik kepada 3.5 iaitu analisis. Analisis
ini penting ya Sebab sekarang ini. Kita ada dua objektif. jadi awak Huraikan
mengikut objektif pun boleh. jadi di sinilah pentingnya awak mengikut cording
tadi Yang saya ceritakan dekat bab 4 tadi. macam contoh cording SK 1
hingga SK 30 merupakan skrip, skrip 1 hingga 30. S1 Merupakan sampel
satu hingga sampai 30. Jadi analisis ini yang awak kena jelaskan dan huraian
tadi awak kena jelaskan SK ini biasanya kadang-kadang ada orang buat dalam
bentuk jadual SK maknanya skrip. SK 1 maksudnya skrip 1. S1 bermakna
sampel 1. Nanti huraikan Sk merujuk kepada apa dia. Kena hurai. Sebab Cording
ini penting. Sebab dalam data kalau tak ada cording ni, kita tak faham. Takkanlah
setiap kali kita nak taip skrip 1, skrip 2, skrip 3 dan lain-lain. Tak bolehlah
macam tu kan dan juga yang ini pula sebelum kena ada satu jadual menceritakan
SK 1 mengenai tajuknya Cenderawasih, SK2 pula menceritakan apa burung
pipit contohnya. ini tajuk-tajuk daripada skrip yang awak dapati daripada
cerita skrip animasi itu tadi. Kena letak jadual dan huraikan. Kemudian
bawah itu Barulah awak ceritakan macam mana awak analisis data tersebut berikan
contoh macam mana awak analisis. Jadi yang ini kadang-kadang pelajar
pandai dia tengok bab 4 dah letak contoh daripada bab 4 sikit dan letak
kat sini. Jadi pemeriksa faham macam mana dia analisis untuk objektif 1,
objektif 2 asingkan cara awak huraikan cara awak analisis objektif 1 dengan
objektif 2 Dan objektif 3. kat situlah pemeriksa akan faham cara awak analisis
data ini.
Seterusnya setelah dia buat macam mana cara analisis. Pergi
kepada 3.4, kerangka teori. Okey kerangka teori ini ialah pemilihan teori
yang awak pilih. Jadi sekarang tadi kita memilih teori analisis wacana
Normaliza Abdul Rahim 2019. Jadi lukis kerangka nama kerangka. Tulis kat dalam
teori analisis wacana kemudian awak letak rangka yang awak tulis tadi. jadi kat
bawah awak tulis rajah 1 teori analisis wacana Normaliza Abdul Rahim 2019. Kemudian
bila dah habis tulis kerangka 3.4, Huraikan kat bawah kerangka itu, tulis
rajah 1 di atas menceritakan semua berkenaan teori Normaliza Abdul Rahim ini. Yang
ini sahaja perlu 2 hingga 3 halaman sebab ini penting kerana huraian tentang
teori ini penting seperti yang saya katakan sebelum ini bahawa kita
menganalisis data kita jalankan kajian berpaksikan teori, tak ada teori memang
payah jalan. Jadi takkan kita nak pakai analisis je. Ada juga yang saya dapati
semasa saya menjadi pemeriksa Viva Ada juga pelajar yang apabila dia
bentang terkejutlah saya kerana dia kata tiada teori yang digunakan. Masa tu memang
saya terkejut memang tak tahu apa nak buat macam mana dia boleh analisis data
tanpa tiada teori. Dia hanya main rasa sahaja. Jadi semuanya tiap-tiap satu
huraian ini janganlah salin bulat-bulat. Macam contohnya teori saya ini ada
dalam buku teori wacana strategi komunikasi teori dan aplikasi, semuanya
ada di dalam buku ini. Ada juga pelajar yang salin bulat-bulat dia ingat kita
tak tengok ke saya ni rajin membaca ya. Jadi jangan ubah ayat cuma
pharaprase ayat-ayat itu. Jadi kena sebut lah menurut Normaliza Abdul Rahim
2019, kandungan bla bla bla bla jadi ceritakan tentang teori dan juga dalam
teori ini awak boleh juga ceritakan tentang teori analisis wacana Normaliza
Abdul Rahim merujuk kepada teori yang dicadangkan oleh sesiapa sebelum ini.
memperbaiki teori yang terdahulu. Sebab teori lama yang didapati pada tahun1980.
1977 terlalu lama. kita kita perlu tahu pada zaman dahulu tidak sama dengan
sekarang sekarang kita mempunyai digital sekarang, manusia banyak bercakap
melalui maya.
Dan itu sebenarnya memang boleh dibuat kajian yang banyak. Dan
sekarang kanak-kanak kecil apabila kita tanya 1 soalan dia jawab 46. Kalau
zaman dahulu orang tua-tua cakap kita tanya dia 1 soalan dia jawab 10, tapi
sekarang zaman 2020 kita tanya 1 soalan dia jawab 47 jawapan.
Memang dia akan cakap sampai kita kata berhenti. itu sekarang kanak-kanak
sekarang Sebab itu kita tidak boleh pakai kerana kadang-kadang tidak releven
dengan keadaan sekarang. Tambahan pula jika kita nak buat kajian tentang
interaksi, tentang ujaran. tentang penulisan berbeza. tahun enam dia punya
tatabahasa berbeza dengan tahun enam punya tatabahasa sekarang yang dekat sama
dengan tingkatan 5 zaman dahulu. Jadi ia sangat berbeza sebab itulah kita
kalau jumpa teori baharu kita pakai yang baharu sebab orang yang membuat
kajian orang yang melahirkan teori ini, dia telah membuat beratus-ratus kajian
sebelum dia dapat satu teori ini. Seperti juga teori analisis wacana oleh Normaliza
Abdul Rahim ini, dia ini telah membuat beratus-ratus kajian sebelum dapat teori
ini. Dia ini sentiasa mencuba macam-macam dan akhirnya dia dapat satu
yang sesuai dengan keadaan zaman digital ini.
Okeylah kerangka teori ini dibuat kita ada 3.5 iaitu kerangka
konseptual. Kerangka konseptual ini mengikut penyelia masing-masing. Sebab ada
penyelia yang mengatakan kerangka konseptual itu seperti tatacara, ada yang
mengatakan ini bukan kerangka konseptual. Okey saya sudah jelaskan di dalam
buku ini sebenarnya ini semua tetap kepada penyelia fakulti dan universiti buku
ini, Cuma panduan sahaja saya tak suruh pun beli buku ini tapi kalau nak
carilah kat Shopee ada jual. Saya pun terkejut UPM kata kat Shopee pun boleh
beli. Okey sekarang ini mari kita lihat contoh yang saya nak tunjukkan tentang
kerangka ini. Ini di sebelah kiri ini menunjukkan kerangka konseptual. Ini
cara saya, Terpulang kepada penyelia yang berbeza. Dia akan kata “eh ini bukan
kerangka konseptual ini macam tatacara”, Ada yang kata cara lain. tak apa
jangan bimbang, jangan gusar pelajar ya, ikut je cakap penyelia masing-masing.
Ingat ya ini panduan hanya sahaja. Saya nak ajar supaya awak dapat bayangkan
cara membuat kerangka konseptual tapi jika awak buat cara lain tak apa tiada
masalah jadi apabila kerangka konseptual itu dah ada baru kita faham
kesemua alur kajian yang dibincangkan. Jadi kita boleh lihat dengan lebih
jelas. Kalau saya nak lebih terperinci saya boleh patah balik lihat balik
huraian bagi setiap satu subtopik itu. Bagi saya Itulah kerangka konseptual dan
bagi pelajar terpulang nak buat macam mana Tapi bagi saya ini jelas. Letakkan
di akhir dan 3.5 ini tidak perlukan huraian kerana huraian sudahpun dibuat. Kemudian
3.6 terus masuk kepada kesimpulan. Jadi dalam kesimpulan ini macam biasa
awak simpulkan dalam satu perenggan. Awak perlu ingat ya seperti yang saya
katakan tadi semua bab perlukan kesimpulan kecuali bab 5. Setiap bab pengenalan
itu kena huraikan. Untuk bab 3 biasanya pelajar ada tanya, “Prof berapa halaman
ya untuk bab 3”? jadi bab 3 ini sebenarnya tak perlu banyak kerana Ini semua
hanya huraian tidak perlu banyak halaman. Tak sampai pun 40 halaman. Biasanya
saya kata tak perlu banyak 10 Hingga 15 halaman sahaja. Kalau sampai
20 halaman terlalu banyak. Mungkin yang banyak ni bahagian sinopsis
yang lain-lain itu cuma huraian. Contohnya Instagram kita cuma screencapture dan
letak saja bahan itu kat sini.
Jadi itu tak perlulah kerana kita ada sinopsis 20 cerita yang
perlu diceritakan jadi mungkin agak banyak 10 Hingga 15 halaman. Ini bukan bab
analisis ini bab metadologi, cara kita menjalankan kajian. Okey selain daripada
itu saya rasa untuk bab 3 saya dah jelaskan dengan terperinci dan juga huraian
untuk setiap satu kena panjang sampel, lokasi, bahan kena panjang. Dan
kadang ada juga pelajar yang letak data rintis contohnya, kajian rintis. Boleh
juga kerana dia melibatkan soal selidik dan diringkaskan sebanyak dua atau tiga
round itu pun masih tidak betul lagi. Cuba banyak kali sehinggalah soal
selidik itu betul-betul sempurna. Jadi, itu kita boleh jelaskan di dalam ini. Tapi
jika tidak melibatkan soalan tidak apa. Dalam bahan ini tadi melibatkan skrip
jadi jika melibatkan skrip soalan temubual maknanya dalam ini kena ada satu
lagi iaitu instrumen. dekat sini awak kena huraikan instrument apa soal
selidik. Jadi awak kena letak kadang-kadang belajar letak dilampiran tapi
jelaskan apa yang ada contohnya bahagian A ada berapa soalan berkenaan apa dan
bahagian B berkenaan apa dia bahagian c berkenaan apa dan jumlah soalan berapa.
Yang itu tadi 3.4.1. dan awak ada pula soalan temu bual. Macam mana temubual
itu dijalankan, Huraikan di sini. dan soalan temubual itu letaklah soalan itu
1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Disinilah awak boleh letakkan tentang kajian rintis. Jadi ada
semua di sini Jika awak menggunakan instrumen kita tak ada tak perlu letak.
Jadi sekarang kena ada kalau misalnya soal selidik itu tak nak letak di
sini. Biasanya letak dilampiran soalan temubual boleh letak sebab tak banyak
Biasanya kajian yang kita jalankan ada triangulation. Maknanya dalam
bahagian ini kita ada temu bual, soal selidik, jadi lagi satu dia ada buat
pemerhatian. kalau dia nak jumpa pelajar itu mesti dia ada buat
pemerhatian. Okey pastikan bahawa bila dah ada pemerhatian itu kita kena
jelaskan kepada pelajar macam mana cara dia, adakah awak pasang video dan letak
kat tepi, awak perhatikan temubual itu. Antara awak dengan pelajar itu ataupun
dua orang pelajar kat depan. Kena ceritakan cara-cara pemerhatian itu
dijalankan. Semasa prosedur jelaskan langkah-langkah daripada mula sampai
akhir. Kalau nak asingkan mengikut objektif pun tidak apa kerana objektif pertama
berbeza dengan objektif kedua. Okey boleh faham tak ni? Saya ulang balik kita
ada pengenalan, reka bentuk, kaedah, sampel, lokasi, bahan atau instrumen
yang memang ada tetapi saya tinggal tadi maaf. Kita ada bahan jika ada bahan
kita asingkan dengan instrumen yang kita gunakan., jika ada kedua-duanya letak
keduanya sekali. Seterusnya prosedur, analisis, kerangka teori kerangka
konseptual Dan Akhir sekali kesimpulan. Jadi dalam bab ini ada 10 hingga 12 paling
banyak 15. Biasanya jarang pelajar buat tidak sampai 15 halaman kerana
tidak ada apa yang boleh dijelaskan panjang lebar. Jadi ingat bab 3 ini sangat
penting sebab bab 3 ini tentang kajian kita maknanya huraian tentang bagaimana
cara kita menjalankan kajian. saya ulang tidak perlu meletakkan definisi
sampel, definasi lokasi, semua itu tidak perlu. Kerana semuanya itu pelajar
punya. Kalau nak cerita sikit adalah rujukan, boleh lah letak. Kalau tak ada
tak apa. Kecuali teori kerana teori itu bukan kita punya. Yang lain itu kita
punya. Kita nak bagi pemeriksa itu faham, kita nak bagi kalau ada pelajar lain
yang baca kajian kita mereka akan terus faham macam mana keadaan kita ini
dijalankan.
Methodology
(Chapter 3)#JomTulisTesis (25:27)
Chapter 3 ye. Chapter 3 is a methodology chapter, if the
description is wrong, everything will be wrong. So if we see in chapter 3 we
have many subtopics of the purpose so that we ourselves understand, even
examiners understand, others who are anywhere in Malaysia, abroad will
understand because we describe in our way of conducting research. That is
called methodology. So here we see there are many subtopics namely
introduction, study design, research methods. The research method is divided
into samples if necessary if using a sample and there is also a location if we
use respondents for example at school or near any village. There are also study
instrument materials, procedures, analyzes, theoretical frameworks, conceptual
frameworks and conclusions. common introduction in one paragraph i.e. 3.1
introduction then 3.2 design. In the description of the design is short in one
paragraph only in this design just want to explain whether we use qualitative
or quantitative. If we use both we explain it. But it is not reasonable to give
a definition. There is no need to give that definition because chapter 3 only
discusses our study only. So in one paragraph tell about qualitative or
quantitative or both at once. Then 3.3 study methods. Explain about what method
we use. If we use a sample, we place a sample for example my study took 20
students. So now I have to make sure that I have to explain in detail that I
did a study on male primary school students how many girls how many 9 years old
must be specific. Another subtopic is location. This location we have to put
for example Sekolah Kebangsaan Serdang. So other state inspections may not know
where this school is. So we will place the coordinates. Okay and better put a
map of the location of the school from Google map to or from any that is clear
of the location, this school is off the highway so people know, Oh this school
is here. and also need to know this school is rural or urban. Must be clear and
detailed. as I said this methodology needs to be detailed.
Then the ingredients. We had that study earlier about the
textual discourse of the animation script. So now I have a sample I have a
location. Because we take school students for interviews about animated
scripts. I also have materials or instruments that I use. So my study on
animation so I told about the material, the story about the animation of
folklore published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka written by Normaliza Abdul Rahim
in 2020. So this folklore animation I wrote and the lyrics of the script song
all I did. If you want to see, you can look in the Google Store, I already have
in the Google Store, there are 33 stories and 33 songs. This is a sudden
promotion.
Now this can be anyone who wants to show to a nephew or a
neighbor who has a nephew or a neighbor who has a neighbor who has a neighbor a
nephew or a grandchild he can also. murah je actually we sell the animated book
I made and Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka published. This means that it is a great
language and folklore is folklore Malay hereditary so we look at the Google
Store near the apple does not exist. Oh my gosh. So now here we also put a
synopsis of folklore for example the title of folklore number 1 which is
Paradise is just an example yes. I need to put a synopsis here. So we need to
know about this story while the examiner does not know, the person who wants to
read our Thesis does not know. So we put a synopsis if for example the story I
took 20 folk tales put 20 synopses below it must be placed. So we go to the
procedure section. So we have to put this procedure in place. It is up to the
student or supervisor. sometimes there are students who place in the form of
points. Put numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 to 10. Some are in paragraph form. Meaning If
there are five procedures he puts 5 paragraphs. Yes. There is no problem as
long as we know that the first procedure has to do with the second procedure
has to do with the fourth to the fourth procedure. Don't be number 1 you say
you take Students first. Though follow objective 1 he said identify the subject
of animated textual discourse, you take the animation script then you suddenly
analyze the second procedure you have called the student to give an opinion
when you call the boy to read the script, as if the steps of each procedure it
has jumped. So wrong. So make sure this is up to you in the form of points or
paragraphs but make sure it depends on how you conduct the study. That is
important. Steps on how to conduct the study you know. Everyone else does not
know. so one step at a time. Okay back to 3.5 which is analysis. This analysis
is important because now. We have two objectives. so you describe according to
the objective can also. so here is the importance of you following the cording
earlier What I told you about in chapter 4 earlier. for example, cording SK 1
to SK 30 is a script, scripts 1 to 30. S1 Is a sample of one to 30. So this
analysis that you have to explain and the description you have to explain this
SK is usually sometimes made by someone in the form of SK schedule the meaning
of the script. SK 1 means script 1. S1 means sample 1. Explain later Sk refers
to what he is. Be careful. Because Cording is important. Because in the data if
there is no cording, we do not understand. Not every time we want to type
script 1, script 2, script 3 and so on. It can't be like that and also this one
before there has to be a schedule to tell SK 1 about the title Cenderawasih,
SK2 also tells what sparrows are for example. These are the titles of the
script you got from the animated script story just now. Have to put a table and
explain. Then below that Then you tell how you analyze the data give an example
of how you analyze. So this is sometimes a clever student he sees chapter 4 has
put an example from chapter 4 a little and put it here. So the examiner
understands how he analyzes for objective 1, objective 2 separates the way you
describe the way you analyze objective 1 with objective 2 And objective 3. then
the examiner will understand the way you analyze this data.
Next, after he did the analysis. Go to 3.4, theoretical
framework. Okay this theoretical framework is the selection of the theory you
choose. So now we have chosen the theory of Normaliza Abdul Rahim discourse
analysis 2019. So draw a framework name framework. Write kat in the theory of
discourse analysis then you put the framework you wrote earlier. so below you
write figure 1 of Normaliza Abdul Rahim's discourse analysis theory 2019. Then
when you have finished writing the framework 3.4, Explain the bottom of the
framework, write figure 1 above to tell all about Normaliza Abdul Rahim's
theory. This one only needs 2 to 3 pages because this is important because the
description of this theory is important as I said before that we analyze our
data to conduct a theory-based study, no theory is worth the effort. So we do
not want to use je analysis. Some I found when I was a Viva examiner There were
also students who when he presented I was surprised because he said no theory
was used. At that time, I was really surprised because I did not know what to
do with how he could analyze the data without any theory. He just plays with
taste. So do not copy every single one of these descriptions. For example, my
theory is in the discourse theory book of communication strategy theory and
application, all in this book. There are also students who completely copy, he
remembers that we do not look at me diligently reading yes. So do not change
the sentence just pharaprase those verses. So it must be mentioned that
according to Normaliza Abdul Rahim 2019, the content of blah blah blah blah so tells
about the theory and also in this theory you can also tell about the theory of
discourse analysis Normaliza Abdul Rahim refers to the theory proposed by
anyone before. correcting previous theories. The reason for the old theory found
in 1980. 1977 is too long. we we need to know in the past is not the same as
now we have digital now, humans talk a lot through virtual.
And that can actually be done a lot of research. And now a small
child when we ask 1 question he answered 46. If in the old day’s parents said
we asked him 1 question he answered 10, but now in 2020 we ask 1 question he
answered 47 answers. Indeed, he will speak until we say stop. that now children
now That is why we can not wear it because sometimes it is not relevant to the
current situation. Furthermore, if we want to do research on interaction, on
speech. about different writing. year six he has grammar different from year
six he has grammar now which is close to the same level 5 of yesteryear. So it
is very different that is why we if we find a new theory we adopt a new one
because the person who made the study of the person who gave birth to this
theory, he did hundreds of studies before he got this one theory. Like the
theory of discourse analysis by Normaliza Abdul Rahim, he has done hundreds of
studies before getting this theory. He always tried all sorts of things and
finally he got one that suits the conditions of this digital age.
Okay this theoretical framework is made we have 3.5 which is the
conceptual framework. This conceptual framework follows the respective
supervisors. Because some supervisors say that the conceptual framework is like
a procedure, some say this is not a conceptual framework. Okay, I have already
explained in this book, in fact, this is all up to the supervisor of the
faculty and university of this book. It's just a guide, I did not even ask to
buy this book, but if you want to look for Shopee, there is a sale. I was
surprised that UPM said that Shopee can also buy. Okay now let's look at an
example I want to show about this framework. This on the left shows this
conceptual framework. This is my way; it depends on the different supervisor.
He will say "uh this is not a conceptual framework this kind of
procedure", Some say another way. It's okay, don't worry, don't upset the
students, follow the instructions of their respective supervisors. Remember yes
this is just a guide. I want to teach you so that you can imagine how to make a
conceptual framework, but if you do it the other way, it doesn't matter, so
when the conceptual framework is there, we will understand all the research
channels discussed. So we can see more clearly. If I want more detail I can
break back and look back at the description for each of these subtopics. For me
That is the conceptual framework and for students it depends on what to do but
for me this is clear. Put at the end and this 3.5 does not need a description
because the description has already been made. Then 3.6 goes straight to the
conclusion. So in this conclusion as usual you conclude in one paragraph. You
need to remember yes as I said earlier all chapters need conclusions except
chapter 5. Each introductory chapter must be elaborated. For chapter 3,
students usually ask, "Prof, how many pages for chapter 3"? so this
chapter 3 does not actually need much because This is all just a description
does not need a lot of pages. Not even 40 pages. Usually I say you don't need
many 10 to 15 pages only. If up to 20 pages is too much. Maybe a lot of these
other synopsis parts are just descriptions. For example, our Instagram is just
a screencapture and just put the material here.
So that is not necessary because we have a synopsis of 20
stories that need to be told so maybe a lot of 10 to 15 pages. This is not a
chapter of analysis this chapter of methodology, the way we conduct research.
Okay apart from that I think for chapter 3 I have explained in detail and also
the description for each one of the sample length, location, material length.
And sometimes there are also students who put pilot data for example, pilot
study. It could also be because he involved a questionnaire and summarized as
many as two or three rounds is still incorrect. Try many times until the
questionnaire is completely perfect. So, that we can explain in this. But if it
does not involve questions it does not matter. In this material, it involves
the script, so if it involves the script of the interview question, the meaning
in this is that there must be another instrument. near here you have to describe
what instrument the questionnaire is. So you have to put sometimes learn to
place attached but explain what is there for example part A there are how many
questions about what and part B about what he part c about what and how many
questions. That was just 3.4.1. and you also have an interview question. How
the interview was conducted, describe here? and the interview question put the
question 1,2,3,4,5,6,7. This is where you can put about a pilot study. So there
is everything here If you use our instruments there is no need to put. So now
there must be if for example the questionnaire does not want to be placed here.
Usually placed near the interview questions can be placed because there are not
many Usually the study we conduct there is triangulation. Meaning in this
section we have interviews, questionnaires, so another one he has for
observation. if he wants to meet the student he must be there for observation.
Okay make sure that when there is the observation we have to explain to the
student what kind of way he is, do you put a video and put it by the side, you
watch the interview. Between you and the student or two students at the front.
Need to tell the way the observation was carried out. During the procedure
explain the steps from start to finish. If you want to separate according to
the objective, it does not matter because the first objective is different from
the second objective. Okay can you understand this? I repeat we have an
introduction, design, method, sample, location, material or instrument that is
there but I stayed just sorry. We have material if there is material we
separate with the instrument we use., If there is both place both at once. Next
procedures, analysis, conceptual framework conceptual framework and Finally
conclusion. So in this chapter there are 10 to 12 at most 15. Usually students
rarely make less than 15 pages because there is nothing that can be explained
at length. So remember this chapter 3 is very important because this chapter 3
about our study means a description of how we conduct research. I repeat no
need to put sample definition, location definition, all that is not necessary.
Because that's all students have. If you want a little story is a reference,
you can put it. If there is nothing, it doesn't matter. Except theory because
that theory is not ours. The rest we have. We want the examiner to understand,
we want to share if there are other students who read our study they will
continue to understand how our situation is conducted.
Rujukan :
Normaliza Abd Rahim. (2019). Jom Tulis Tesis. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
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